IP Address

• IP Address is used to uniquely identify the device
• Execute ipconfig
  
• IP Address = Network id + host id
• IP format which are looking at is IPV4 X.X.X.X which is a 32 bit number represented as 4 octets
• Range of IPv4 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

How to find out Network id and Host id

• SM has two possible values 0 or 255 (my representation is decimal)
• Find out Network id and Host id

     1   2  3  4
IP: 192.168.0.116
SM: 255.255.255.0

Octects with 255 as SM
1,2,3

Network id: 192.168.0

Octects with 0 as SM
4
host id: 116

• other example

ip: 10.10.0.11
SM: 255.255.0.0

network id: 10.10
host id: 0.11

• other example

ip 10.0.0.7
SM: 255.0.0.0

network id: 10
host id: 0.0.7

• Along with this we can also tell one more info

     1   2  3  4
IP: 192.168.0.116
SM: 255.255.255.0

Octects with 255 as SM
1,2,3

Network id: 192.168.0

Octects with 0 as SM
4
host id: 116
size => 1 Octect => 8 => 2^8 => 256 (devices)


ip: 10.10.0.11
SM: 255.255.0.0

network id: 10.10
host id: 0.11
Size => 2 Octects => 16 => 2^16 => 65536 (devices)

ip 10.0.0.7
SM: 255.0.0.0

network id: 10
host id: 0.0.7
Size = 3 Octects => 24 bits => 2^24 = 16777216 (devices)

Private Networks

• There are three ip ranges reserved for private networking

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Router

• Router is a device which can forward packets from one network to another
• Default Gateway in ipconfig reprsents your router.
• NAT (Network Address Translation) : This server establishes internet connectivity for private networks as it does Address Translations.