Networking

Concepts

• Ip Address (IpV4 & IpV6)
• subnetting
• NAT
• Gateway
• DNS
• VPN (Virtual Private Networks)
• Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Basics

• Network Interfaces connect to the network (Wired or Wireless) and get an IP Address
• To know ip execute ipconfig
  
  
• Ip Address is used to uniquely identify a device in a network.

Ip Address => Network id + Host/Device id

• When we executed ipconfig we got
  • ipaddress
  • subnet mask
  • default gateway
• IpV4 address: Ip Address is a 32 bit number. broken down into 4 octects (8 bit)

X.X.X.X

=> 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

• references
  • 2 power table Refer Here
  • binary to decimal convertor Refer Here
• Two devices can communicate directly if they are in same network. The way to figure out if they belong to same network is if they have same network id.
• Finding network id and host id

     1   2   3   4
ip: 192.168.100.198
sm: 255.255.255.0

octects with 255 => 1,2,3
      network id: 192.168.100
octects with 0 => 4
      host id: 198

     1   2   3   4
ip: 192.168.100.198
sm: 255.255.0.0

octects with 255 => 1,2
    network id: 192.168
octects with 0 => 3,4
        host id: 100.198

     1   2   3   4
ip: 10.168.100.198
sm: 255.0.0.0

nid: 10
hid: 168.100.198

• Router is networking component which has rules (Route table) which can forward packets from one network to other
• Default Gateway represents router
• Exercise:
  • Draw a network diagram representing you home internet connection.