Consider the following Scenario and Create Subnets

• Overview
  

Overall Network Size: 5600
number of host bits: 13
number of network id bits: 32-13 = 19
the choosen cidr range: 172.16.0.0/19
subnet mask of network: 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000

each subnet requires ~= 700 
number of host bits: 10
number of network id bits: 32-10: 22 
subnet mask of network: 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
subnet mask of subnet:  11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
--------------------------------------------------------------
                        11111111.11111111.111xxx00.00000000

xxx => 000,001,010,011,100,101,110,111

Now lets write our network ip cidr in binary
172.16.0.0 => 10101100.00010000.000xxx00.00000000 
xxx => 000 => 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000 => 172.16.0.0/22
xxx => 001 => 10101100.00010000.00000100.00000000 => 172.16.4.0/22
xxx => 010 => 10101100.00010000.00001000.00000000 => 172.16.8.0/22
xxx => 011 => 10101100.00010000.00001100.00000000 => 172.16.12.0/22
xxx => 100 => 10101100.00010000.00010000.00000000 => 172.16.16.0/22
xxx => 101 => 10101100.00010000.00010100.00000000 => 172.16.20.0/22
xxx => 110 => 10101100.00010000.00011000.00000000 => 172.16.24.0/22
xxx => 111 => 10101100.00010000.00011100.00000000 => 172.16.28.0/22

Routing

• Router is a device which can forward the network packets from one network to other.
• Default Gateway in ipconfig refers to the ipaddress of the router.