Git Operations

• Note: Refer before you start this article.

Untracked file and modified file

• Execute the following commands. Open Git-Bash or Linux/Mac Terminal

touch 4.txt
echo "Hello" >> 1.txt

• The above commands create a new file which is not in local repository and modifies a file which is already in local repository
• Now Execute git status and the following output will be shown

On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

        modified:   1.txt

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        4.txt

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

• Untracked file is a new file which has no history in local repo. Modified file is existing file which has history in local repo.
• Add only modified file to staging area

git add --help

git add -u

git status

• Now add the untracked file to staging area and commit the changes to local repo.

git add 4.txt
git commit -m "Third Commit"
git log
git status

Handling multiple Changes

• Execute the following commands

touch docs/1.txt
touch docs/2.txt
touch test/5.txt
touch test/4.txt
touch 5.txt
touch 6.txt
echo "hello" >> 2.txt
echo "hello" >> test/3.txt

• If you want add all the changes at once to staging Area

git status
git add -A
# or if you are in top folder on git repo
git add .
git status
git commit -m "Fourth Commit"

ignoring some directories and files

• Execute the following commands

mkdir bin
touch bin\10.txt
touch 7.txt
echo "hello" >> 6.txt

• We want everything in bin folder to be ignored. Now execute git status and the following o/p will be shown

On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

        modified:   6.txt

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        7.txt
        bin/

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

• Git has a way to ignore certain files/foders. For that create a file called as .gitignore in the repository root.

touch .gitignore

• Now add bin/* to the .gitignore file and execute the following

git status # no bin/ information should be shown
git add .
git commit -m "Fifth Commit"
git status
git log

Moving Changes from Staging Area to Working Tree

• Reset command can help in doing this
• Execute the following command

touch 8.txt
touch 9.txt
touch 10.txt
echo "hello" >> 7.txt
git status
git add .
git status

• Now move 10.txt from staging area to working tree

git reset 10.txt
git status

• Now if you want to remove all the changes in staging area and modified changes in working tree

git reset --hard
git status

• To remove all the untracked files from working tree

git clean -fd .

Removing files from local repo.

• Execute the following command

rm 7.txt

• Execute the following commands

git status
git add .
git commit -m "Sixth Commit"

• You can also use git rm. Refer Here