Networking Basics

Problem Statement – Network Design

Problem 1

• we need a network to connect 200 devices
  
• We need to figure out the network id and host id ranges
• Generally we have two kinds of networks
  • public network:
    • These ip addresses are accessible over internet
    • We have very limited public ip’s available in IPv4
  • private network
    • These ip addresses are reserved for intranet
    • The private ip addresses which are reserved are
      • 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
      • 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
      • 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
• Note: When we create network through out the exercises as well as in Azure we will be using private ranges.
• Solution

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 => 1 octect => 8 => 2^8 = 256
             255.255.0.0 => 2 octects => 16 => 2^16 = 65536
             255.0.0.0 => 3 octects => 24 => 2^24 => 16777216

private ranges:
    10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
    172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
    192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Size ~= 200
SM = 255.255.255.0
some possibilties
ip: 10.0.0.x
sm: 255.255.255.0

ip: 10.0.1.x
sm: 255.255.255.0

ip: 192.168.0.x
sm: 255.255.255.0

Problem 2

• We need a network to connect 500000 devices

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 => 1 octect => 8 => 2^8 = 256
             255.255.0.0 => 2 octects => 16 => 2^16 = 65536
             255.0.0.0 => 3 octects => 24 => 2^24 => 16777216

private ranges:
    10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
    172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
    192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255


Size = 5,00,000

IP: 10.x.x.x
SM: 255.0.0.0

Problem 3

• I need a network to connect 500 devices

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 => 1 octect => 8 => 2^8 = 256
             255.255.0.0 => 2 octects => 16 => 2^16 = 65536
             255.0.0.0 => 3 octects => 24 => 2^24 => 16777216

private ranges:
    10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
    172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
    192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Size = 500

IP: 10.0.x.x
SM = 255.255.0.0


IP: 172.16.x.x
SM = 255.255.0.0

IP: 192.168.x.x
SM = 255.255.0.0

• Till now the way we are creating networks i.e. we want a network for 500 but we had to choose 65000 size network

IP Addressing options

• We have two options
  • Classful:
    • We have classes of networks
      
  • Classless:
    • We try looking at subnet mask as binary number