Installing software/applications on Linux

• Manual
• Debian/Rpm Package
• Apt/Yum

File Permissions

• Any file has three permissions
  • Read => 4
  • Write => 2
  • Execute => 1
• If you want to give

only Read => 4
Read and Write => 4+2 => 6
Read, Write and Execute => 4+2+1 => 7

• Any application should have execute permissions

sh install.sh
./install.sh

python app.py
./app.py

• File Permission on Linux are generally in the following format <ownerpermissions><grouppermission><otherspermission> examples:

-rwxrw-r-- (RWX => owner, RW=> group, read for others)
-rw-r--r--
444
644
640

• Exercise-1: Find the permissions of the files in following folders using command (ls -la <folderpath>)

  • /usr/share
  • /tmp
  • /var
  • /etc

• Exercise-2: Create a shell file with the following content and give the execute permissions to this file using chmod 777 <filename>

#!/bin/bash
echo hello

Manual installation of Software

• Exercise: Lets install maven

  • Installation

  # Ensure Java is installed
  Download maven from https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi
  wget http://apachemirror.wuchna.com/maven/maven-3/3.6.3/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz
  tar -xvzf apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz
  # in the folder extracted 
  cd bin
  ls -la 
  # check mvn permissions
  

  • Configuration:

  mvn --version
  # This command fails because mvn executable is not part of ENV Variable called as PATH
  export PATH="/home/ubuntu/apache-maven-3.6.3/bin:$PATH"
  mvn --version
  
  

• Exercise-2: Install Ruby

  • Download Ruby from https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.6/ruby-2.6.5.tar.gz and untar

  wget https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.6/ruby-2.6.5.tar.gz
   tar -xvzf ruby-2.6.5.tar.gz
  ./configure
  make
  sudo make install
  

Debian Packages and RPM Packages

• Debian Package:
  • Can be used on all debian distributions

  dpkg 
  dpkg -i <debian package>
  

  • Example: Install chefdk from here

  wget https://packages.chef.io/files/stable/chefdk/4.6.35/ubuntu/18.04/chefdk_4.6.35-1_amd64.deb
  sudo dpkg -i sudo dpkg -i chefdk_4.6.35-1_amd64.deb
  

• RPM Package:
  • Can be used by os from RedHat family

  rpm -ivh
  

  • Example: Try installing chefdk on Centos7

APT or YUM based installations

• In your linux machines you configure apt/yum repositories
• when the commands such as apt install <package name> or yum install <package name> the package name is searched in the configured repositories.
• This package will be downloaded and installed on the machines using references from repositories.
• If the Repository is present in your organization, which only allows you to install some packages, These kind of implementations are called as Satellite Servers.
• Lets examine Jenkins installation on Ubuntu. Refer Here

wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
# Add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins -y

• Exercise: Yum Repository configuration for installing logstash from here
• Exercise: Apt Repository configuration for installing logstash from here